US-Sudan Relations
United States Accomplishments in Sudan
• Helped Government of Sudan (GOS) and Sudan People's Liberation Movement reach the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) signed on January 9, 2005 (During U.S. Presidency, convened United Nations Security Council (UNSC) in Nairobi in November 2004 to push the parties); ended two decades of civil war; assisting parties to implement CPA provisions.
• Deputy Secretary Zoellick announced at Oslo Donors Conference, April 11-12, 2005, U.S. commitment of $853 million in FY 2005 for Sudan reconstruction and immediate humanitarian needs. Received $175 million, plus additional food aid, from Congress through the FY 2005 supplemental. Requested significant additional funding for FY 2006. Total approximately $1.7 billion.
• World's leader in providing humanitarian assistance to southern Sudan and Darfur. Within the amounts noted above, to date in FY 2005 provided more than $433 million in humanitarian assistance to populations in Darfur and for approximately 200,000 refugees in Chad. During FY 2003-2005, provided more than $692 million in humanitarian assistance for Darfur emergency.
• To intensify U.S. efforts to resolve the crisis in Darfur and implement the CPA, Deputy Secretary Zoellick was designated as the Administration's point person on Sudan. Has already made three visits to northern and southern Sudan, and to Darfur.
• Helped facilitate high-level attendance to support inauguration of new Presidency of the Government of National Unity (GONU) on July 9, 2005; attended by Deputy Secretary Zoellick. GONU providing further recognition of and continuing momentum for CPA.
• Assisted African Union (AU) mediated peace talks in Abuja, Nigeria, producing important agreements leading to the recent signing of the Declaration of Principles. This paves the way for final talks to achieve a political settlement by the end of the year.
• Leading support for expansion of the AU mission in Darfur. Committed more than $150 million to date to support AU Mission in Sudan, including pledge of $50 million at AU Donors Conference in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, May 26, 2005.
• Obtained NATO agreement to assist the AU expansion, and obtained Sudanese government agreement to NATO role.
• Began on July 17 airlift of 1,800 Rwandans. President Bush directed on July 15, 2005, drawdown of up to $6 million from Department of Defense to support transportation of AU forces to Darfur.
• Have mobilized international pressure for action on Darfur. First nation to declare on September 9, 2004, that genocide had been committed in Darfur. Did not stand in the way of the adoption of Resolution 1593, calling for UNSC referral of human rights crimes and atrocities committed in Darfur to the International Criminal Court.
• Led efforts to obtain UNSC Resolution 1556, 1564, and 1574, calling on parties to respect cease-fire and ensure humanitarian access to Darfur, and supporting AU efforts in Darfur. Instrumental in passage of Resolution 1590, authorizing UN Mission in Sudan.
• Sponsored Resolution 1591, imposing targeted sanctions - an assets freeze and travel ban - on those responsible for violence in Darfur. Extended arms embargo on combatants and cessation of offensive military flights in and over Darfur.
• As a result of pressure, GOS stopped use of military aircraft in Darfur for offensive operations.
• U.S. efforts have had direct, substantial impact on the ground. According to UN and AU, violence in Darfur has substantially diminished. Ongoing diplomatic activity is designed to achieve further results to end violence, achieve a political settlement, and ensure full implementation of CPA.
• Visit of Secretary Rice recognizes progress made and pushes for additional steps needed to resolve the Darfur crisis.